How to Avoid Warping of a T-14 Post
Ken Kostka, PMCA
After my newly-installed T-14 post warped noticeably over a period of five months, I was determined to prevent this from happening again. After corresponding with several other people whose post also warped, and after consulting a master carpenter, I've put together a list of ways to help prevent warping of the T-14 laminated wooden post. This is intended to be a supplement to the T-14 Plan Book available from the PMCA.
1. Buy the lumber well ahead of time to let it dry thoroughly. Boards sold at lumberyards are kiln-dried but can still have a high-moisture content due to shipping/storing conditions, and the weather. If you store them for a few months in a warm, dry place, like the eaves of a barn in summer or a heated basement in winter, they’ll be thoroughly dried, reducing the chance of warping after assembly. If a fully-dried board is screwed to a moisture-laden board, the "wet" board may bow them both as it dries and shrinks. All the lumber should be thoroughly dried before being assembled into the laminated post.
2. Paint/seal all the boards with deck sealer or oil-based primer & paint before assembly, especially the end grain. Even though you'll be using treated lumber, further sealing all surfaces will further reduce the chance of warp and preserve the section of the post that is underground. Consider using a paint that is similar to the color of the wood so that any paint rubbed off by the raising and lowering the house is not as noticeable. Consider painting the outer surfaces of the underground section with roofing tar or motor oil to further protect it.
3. Oppose bowed and cupped boards to cancel out warp.. Every board will have a tendency to bow (and to a lesser extent, cup) in one direction or another. Oppose the bows and cups (ends-touching-ends & edges-touching edges) so that any gaps are on the inside before gluing, clamping, and screwing the boards together. Remember, your goal is to end up with a solid, straight 4" x 6" post. (See #6 below for warp terminology)
4. Glue both sides of the 1" x 6". Put a complete and even spread of waterproof glue/construction adhesive like Liquid Nails on both sides of the 1" x 6" before clamping and screwing the boards together. One rule of thumb when laminating (sandwiching) materials that are not stable (like wood) is to equalize the glue bond on both sides. This large surface area created by the glue bond should help eliminate warping. Make sure the glue and paint are compatible; some glues may say they only work on bare wood surfaces.
5. Clamp boards together before driving screws. Driving in the drywall screws will not close gaps created when slightly bowed or warped boards are placed face-to-face for assembly; therefore, it is important to attach clamps to squeeze shut all the gaps before driving in the screws. Otherwise, you’ll end up with gaps in the assembled post, making it prone to warping. These clamps should run the length of the post. Don't clamp any tighter than is necessary; if you overtighten, too much of the glue will be squeezed out. You can use scrap wood to keep the clamps from "biting" into the post boards.
6. Take your time choosing the lumber, especially the 2" x 6"s. Don’t allow yourself to be rushed at the lumberyard. Explain that these board are for a "special project" and need to be straight, as dry as possible, etc... Taking this tip sheet and the T-14 plan book may help. Make sure the boards are straight and have regular grain. Check for "warp," which is a generic term and refers generally to any and all deflections from straight in any direction. "Twist" refers to deflection where the end cross sections are out of parallel. "Bow" refers to deflection along the face lengthwise. "Crown" refers to deflection along the edge lengthwise "Cupping" refers to deflection along the face widthwise. Avoid boards which have a significant amount of any type of warp, but reject outright any boards that are twisted. Bowing is the most noticeable type of warping; a bowed board placed face down on a flat surface will "rock" like a rocking chair. If in doubt about the bow or crown of a board, stretch a string line along the length.
7. Miscellaneous. When finishing the surface of the concrete at the post base, be sure it has a slope away from the post in all directions to shed rain. Seal any cracks that develop between concrete and post with some type of sealant like silicone or cold patch tar and check it every season. Reseal if necessary during the dry summer season. Bowing is likely to be less noticeable in 16 ft. boards than in 20 ft. boards. If your martin house is well out in the open, as it should be, height is not critical and 16 ft. boards will usually suffice. Douglas Fir is a closed-cell wood that is much better at resisting warp. Assuming it is available and affordable, it would be better than pine.
If you follow all of these tips, I believe the chances of your T-14 post warping significantly, if at all, will be greatly reduced. Any additional input and advice is welcomed. Thanks to Doren Claire, Gerald Kaufman, Stan Kostka, Joe Kostka.
